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Mind path to thalamus walkthrough3/13/2024 Yet research on the cognitive foundations of expertise, in a wide variety of domains, has over the past 35 years consistently shown that such excellence is not a reflection of vastly superior innate sensorimotor ability or general intelligence. In fields requiring less physical effort the perceptual-cognitive expertise is no less remarkable (for example, the world record for solving the Rubik cube currently stands at 4.59 s). Highly trained individuals capable of carrying out complex motor actions with such speed, precision and - when necessary - power that from the perspective of the recreational practitioner their performance may seem almost superhuman. World-class athletes and experts in certain forms of art such as classical ballet allow us to observe human performance at the limit of physiological capability. – Abraham Maslow (The Farther Reaches of Human Nature, p.7) “ Maslow (1971) if we want to know how fast a human being can run, then it is no use to average out the speed of a ‘good sample' of the population.” The knowledge elicitation in this study represents a first step toward a deeper psychological understanding of the complex cognitive underpinnings of expert performance in this domain. The present findings suggest that-as in other forms expertise-expert level driving skill is in fact dependent on vast body of knowledge, and driven by top-down information. In the traditional psychological literature, steering and longitudinal control are typically considered “simple” reactive tracking tasks (model-free feedback control). Hypotheses about the underlying cognitive processes are developed on the basis of this material. Descriptions of specific training procedures (that can be unambiguously interpreted as DP procedures) are extracted, and then analyzed within the hierarchical task analysis framework driver modeling. A systematic review procedure is used to establish a corpus of texts covering the entire 60 years of professional motorsport textbooks. In this study this approach is applied to the domain of motor racing - specifically the perceptual-cognitive expertise enabling high-speed curve negotiation. Document analysis of professional coaching literature is one knowledge elicitation method that can be used in the early phases of inquiry to glean domain information about the skills experts in a field are required to develop. Analyzing in detail the specific aspects of performance targeted by DP procedures may shed light on the underlying cognitive processes that support expert performance. DP is generally agreed to be one of the key ingredients in acquisition of expertise (not necessarily the only one). Deliberate Practice (DP) refers to special (sub)tasks that are designed to give immediate and accurate feedback and performed repetitively with the explicit goal of improving performance. Decades of research on expert performance has consistently shown that experts in all fields go to extraordinary lengths to acquire their perceptual-cognitive and motor abilities. The exceptional performance of elite practitioners in domains like sports or chess is not a reflection of just exceptional general cognitive ability or innate sensorimotor superiority.
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